On 4th August 2025, the Plenary Sitting of the Chamber of Deputies passed a landmark law governing health services in Rwanda. The legislation aims to streamline healthcare delivery and align the country’s legal framework with contemporary developments in the health sector.

This law marks a significant legislative milestone in advancing equitable access to quality healthcare services, while strengthening the fundamental right to health. Beyond harmonising and consolidating existing legal provisions, the law introduces key reforms designed to broaden access to essential medical and reproductive health services for the general population.

One of the most notable policy changes is the reduction of the age of medical consent for accessing reproductive health services, from 18 to 15 years. This amendment seeks to remove legal and practical barriers that have previously prevented adolescents from independently obtaining timely, accurate information and services related to sexual and reproductive health.

The law also establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework for the provision of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), particularly aimed at supporting couples facing infertility. It outlines the standards, oversight mechanisms, and ethical guidelines required to ensure that these services are delivered safely and effectively.

Additionally, the legislation consolidates provisions that were previously dispersed across multiple legal instruments, including those concerning professional liability insurance for healthcare providers and institutions. This integrated approach enhances regulatory clarity, service quality, and legal protection for both healthcare professionals and patients.

Importantly, the new law repeals and replaces Law No. 10/98 of 28 October 1998, which governed the practice of medicine. The previous law had become outdated and misaligned with Rwanda’s current socio-economic landscape and strategic vision for universal, inclusive, and modern healthcare delivery.